Main Article Content
Abstract
The pandemic has indeed provided students and teachers worldwide with the experience of technology-infused teaching. Even though the pandemic is almost over, the utilization of technology in mathematics education is still needed and inseparable. Relying on cross-sectional design and phenomenological approach, this research investigates senior high school students' perceptions towards AI-based learning, particularly about their understanding and suggestions towards AI-based learning in mathematics in the context of post-pandemic. The participants of the study were 107 students coming from several islands in Indonesia, ranging from grade 10-12, with an age interval of 15-18 years old. The instruments used were the questionaries with open-ended questions in Microsoft forms distributed to mathematics teachers in several WhatsApp groups. The data were then analyzed through a multistage descriptive and pattern coding process. The findings showed that students need to be facilitated with AI, which can display understandable visualization and provide guidance to solve mathematical problems. It is expected that the present study's findings offer researchers in Indonesia and abroad to disseminate and/or implement AI learning in the form of Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: The challenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 28(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
- Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students’ perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/http://www.doi.org/10.33902/JPSP.2020261309 Research
- Agustina, E., & Suharya, T. (2021). Zoom breakout room for students’ collaborative skill enhancement in history learning during covid-19 outbreak. International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education, 5(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.24036/00430za0002
- Al Ghazali, F. (2020). Challenges and opportunities of fostering learner autonomy and self-access learning during the covid-19 pandemic. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 11(3), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.37237/110302
- Alabdulaziz, M. S. (2021). Covid-19 and the use of digital technology in mathematics education. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 7609–7633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10602-3
- Andriani, T., Ulya, N. H. A., Alfiana, T. P., Solicha, S., Hafsari, S. B. A., & Ishartono, N. (2022). Improving student’s critical thinking skill in mathematics through Geogebra-based flipped learning during pandemi covid-19: An experimental study. Journal of Medives : Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 6(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.31331/medivesveteran.v6i1.1901
- Apsari, R. A., Sripatmi, S., Sariyasa, S., Maulyda, M. A., & Salsabila, N. H. (2020). Pembelajaran matematika dengan media obrolan kelompok multi-arah sebagai alternatif kelas jarak jauh. Jurnal Elemen, 6(2), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.29408/jel.v6i2.2179
- Bakker, A., Cai, J., & Zenger, L. (2021). Future themes of mathematics education research: An international survey before and during the pandemic. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 107, 1–24. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10649-021-10049-w
- Bakker, A., & Wagner, D. (2020). Pandemic: lessons for today and tomorrow? Educational Studies in Mathematics, 104(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-020-09946-3
- Balacheff, N. (1993). Artificial intelligence and mathematics education: Expectations and questions. 14th Biennal of the AAMT, Perth Curtin University, 1–24. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32231451_Artificial_Intelligence_and_Mathematics_Education_Expectations_and_Questions
- Bhatt, S., Joshi, R. K., Lamichhane, T. R., & Ghimire, M. P. (2022). The epidemic trend of COVID-19 in SAARC countries: A predictive modelling and analysis. Scientific World, 15(15), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v15i15.45669
- Boerngen, M. A., & Rickard, J. W. (2021). To zoom or not to zoom: The impact of rural broadband on online learning. Natural Sciences Education, 50(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/nse2.20044
- Chen, X., Xie, H., & Hwang, G. J. (2020). A multi-perspective study on artificial intelligence in education: Grants, conferences, journals, software tools, institutions, and researchers. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100005
- Cruz-Jesus, F., Castelli, M., Oliveira, T., Mendes, R., Nunes, C., Sa-Velho, M., & Rosa-Louro, A. (2020). Using artificial intelligence methods to assess academic achievement in public high schools of a European Union country. Heliyon, 6(6), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04081
- Daniatun, R., Qohar, A., & Susanto, H. (2021). Students’ activeness in mathematics learning via zoom on algebra learning material. Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v12i1.8229
- Delima, N., & Cahyawati, D. (2021). Students’ mathematics self-concept, mathematics anxiety and mathematics self-regulated learning during the covid-19 pandemic. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 15(2), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.15.2.13200.103-114
- Fatmi, N., Muhammad, I., Muliana, & Nasrah, S. (2021). The utilization of moodle-based learning management system (LMS) in learning mathematics and physics to students’ cognitive learning outcomes. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 3(2), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v3i2.4665
- Fuady, I., Sutarjo, A. S., & Ernawati, E. (2021). Analysis of students’ perceptions of online learning media during the covid-19 pandemic (Study of e-learning media: Zoom, Google Meet, Google Classroom, and LMS). Randwick International of Social Science (RISS) Journal, 2(1), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i1.177
- Gadanidis, G. (2017). Artificial intelligence, computational thinking, and mathematics education. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 34(2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-09-2016-0048
- Galoyan, T., Betts, K., Delaney, B., & Fourie, M. (2021). Exploring online pedagogical practices for enhancing transfer of learning in higher education. Online Learning Journal, 25(4), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v25i4.2887
- Gaol, F. L., & Hutagalung, F. (2020). The trends of blended learning in Southeast Asia. Education and Information Technologies, 25(2), 659–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10140-4
- Haslam, M. B. (2021). What might covid-19 have taught us about the delivery of nurse education, in a post-covid-19 world? Nurse Education Today, 97-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104707
- Hermawan, F. (2022). Using intelligent tutoring systems through cognitive tutor authoring tools to solve filling slot problems. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika (Kudus), 5(1), 93–102. https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/jmtk/article/view/14484/pdf
- Hwang, G., & Tu, Y. (2021). Roles and research trends of artificial intelligence in mathematics education: A bibliometric mapping analysis and systematic review. Mathematics, 9(6), 584–602. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9060584
- Ilmi, L. R., & Praptana. (2022). Trend for risk covid-19: A case study in Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 17(3), 398–404. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v17i3.28577
- Irfan, M., Kusumaningrum, B., Yulia, Y., & Widodo, S. A. (2020). Challenges during the pandemic: Use of e-learning in mathematics learning in higher education. Infinity Journal, 9(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v9i2.p147-158
- Ishartono, N., Nurcahyo, A., Waluyo, M., Prayitno, H. J., & Hanifah, M. (2022). Integrating GeoGebra into the flipped learning approach to improve students’ self-regulated learning during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i1.pp69-86
- Kalogeropoulos, P., Roche, A., Russo, J., Vats, S., & Russo, T. (2021). Learning mathematics from home during covid-19: Insights from two inquiry-focussed primary schools. EURASIA: Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 17(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/10830
- King, C. L., Vincent, Kelvin, Warnars, H. L. H. S., Nordin, N., & Utomo, W. H. (2021). Intelligent tutoring system: learning math for 6th-grade primary school students. Education Research International, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5590470
- Knill, O., Carlsson, J., Chi, A., & Lezama, M. (2004). An artificial intelligence experiment in college math education. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.118.5672&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Komsiyah, I. (2021). The challenge of Zoom Cloud Meeting in online learning process. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(2), 829–835. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i2.820
- Kong, S. C., Man-Yin Cheung, W., & Zhang, G. (2021). Evaluation of an artificial intelligence literacy course for university students with diverse study backgrounds. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100026
- Kusmaharti, D., & Yustitia, V. (2020). Efektivitas online larning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika mahasiswa. Journal of Medives: Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 4(2), 311–318. https://doi.org/10.31331/medivesveteran.v4i2.1199
- Kustiyani, A., Surachmi W, S., & Suad. (2021). Implementation problem-based learning model using Zoom meeting application. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1823(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1823/1/012077
- Lowenthal, P. R., & Moore, R. L. (2020). Exploring student perceptions of flipgrid in online courses. Online Learning Journal, 24(4), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v24i4.2335
- Mideros, D. (2020). Out-of-class learning of Spanish during covid-19: A case study in Trinidad and Tobago. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 11(3), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.37237/110308
- Monica, J., & Fitriawati, D. (2020). Efektivitas Penggunaan Aplikasi Zoom Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Online Pada Mahasiswa Saat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Communio: Jurnal Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi, 9(2), 1630–1640. https://doi.org/10.35508/jikom.v9i2.2416
- Muhazir, A., & Retnawati, H. (2020). The teachers’ obstacles in implementing technology in mathematics learning classes in the digital era. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1511(2020), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1511/1/012022
- Nida, N. K., Usodo, B., & Saputro, D. R. S. (2020). The blended learning with Whatsapp media on mathematics creative thinking skills and math anxiety. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 14(2), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v14i2.16233
- Nisa, L. Z., Prameswari, T. N., & Alawiyah, Y. I. (2021). The effect of using small group discussions through zoom breakout room to increase the frequency of individual speaking participation in the speaking courses. Journal of Digital Learning and Education, 1(3), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.52562/jdle.v1i3.264
- Nzaramyimana, E., Mukandayambaje, E., Iyamuremye, L., Hakizumuremyi, V., & Ukobizaba, F. (2021). Effectiveness of GeoGebra towards students’ active learning, performance and interest to learn mathematics. International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Research, 9(10), 2423–2430. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmcr/v9i10.05
- Ouyang, F., & Jiao, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: The three paradigms. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100020
- Pappas, M. A., & Drigas, A. S. (2016). Incorporation of artificial intelligence tutoring techniques in mathematics. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (IJEP), 6(4), 12–16. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v6i4.6063
- Pramana, C., Susanti, R., Ernawati, K., Darmawan, I. P. A., Miftah, M. Z., Lestyowati, J., Werdiningsih, R., & Ramadhani, R. (2021). Distance learning in primary schools during the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Challenges, solutions, and projections. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(4), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.502
- Rachmavita, F. P. (2020). Interactive media-based video animation and student learning motivation in mathematics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1663, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1663/1/012040
- Rahiem, M. D. H. (2021). Indonesian university students’ likes and dislikes about emergency remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of University Education, 17(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i1.11525
- Randall, L. E. (2022). A comparison of three assessment types on student engagement and content knowledge in online instruction. Online Learning Journal, 26(2), 102–123. https://olj.onlinelearningconsortium.org/index.php/olj/article/view/2720/1174
- Raynal, A., & Light, D. (2021). Appropriating WhatsApp for learning: How preschool families increased their voices in remote instruction. 2021 Machine Learning-Driven Digital Technologies for Educational Innovation Workshop. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf53024.2021.9733777
- Razzaq, L., Maloy, R. W., Edwards, S., Marshall, D., Arroyo, I., & Woolf, B. P. (2011). 4MALITY: Coaching Students with Different Problem-Solving Strategies Using an Online Tutoring System. In User Modeling, Adaption and Personalization (pp. 359–364). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22362-4_33
- Rodrigo, M. M. T., Baker, R. S. J. d., D’Mello, S., Gonzalez, M. C. T., Lagud, M. C. V., Lim, S. A. L., Macapanpan, A. F., & Pascua, S. A. M. S. (2008). Comparing learners’ affect while using an intelligent tutoring system and a simulation problem solving game. In Intelligent Tutoring Systems (pp. 40–49). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69132-7_9
- Saldana, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. California: Sage.
- Schleicher, A. (2020). The impact of covid-19 on education: Insights from education at a glance 2020. In OECD Journal: Economic Studies. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/education/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-education-insights-education-at-a-glance-2020.pdf
- Sefriani, R., Sepriana, R., Wijaya, I., Radyuli, P., & Menrisal. (2021). Blended learning with Edmodo: The effectiveness of statistical learning during the covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(1), 293–299. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20826
- Seidu, A., & Owusu-boateng, O. (2022). Evaluating the media platforms, devices and challenges associated with online teaching and learning of mathematics during the covid-19 pandemic. Asian Research Journal of Mathematics, 18(10), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJOM/2022/v18i1030420
- Serhan, D. (2020). Transitioning from face-to-face to remote learning: Students’ attitudes and perceptions of using zoom during covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 4(4), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.148
- Soesanto, R. H., & Dirgantoro, K. P. S. (2021a). Calculus learning via Screencast-O-Matic during the pandemic: An exploration towards students’ perception of math anxiety. MaPan: Jurnal Matematika & Pembalajaran, 9(2), 261–279. https://doi.org/10.24252/mapan.2021v9n2a5
- Soesanto, R. H., & Dirgantoro, K. P. S. (2021b). Commemorating one-year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Indonesian and international issues of secondary and tertiary mathematics learning. International Journal of Studies in Education and Science (IJSES), 2(1), 18–35. https://www.ijses.net/index.php/ijses/article/view/3/pdf
- Soesanto, R. H., & Dirgantoro, K. P. S. (2021c). Welcome back to face-to-face: A novel Indonesian issue of students’ perceptions towards learning transition. Issues in Educational Research, 31(4), 1249–1269. http://www.iier.org.au/iier31/soesanto.pdf
- Sugandi, A. I., & Bernard, M. (2020). Efektivitas pembelajaran daring berbasis masalah berbantuan Geogebra terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis di era covid-19. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 9(4), 993–1004. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v9i4.3133
- Sumardi, D., Suryani, N., & Musadad, A. A. (2021). Website-based learning management system (LMS) as a tool for learning in the covid-19 pandemic period for junior high schools. Journal of Education Technology, 5(3), 346–355. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i3.38371
- Syarif, I., Mahyuddin, M. J., Sura’, H., & Baharuddin, E. E. (2021). Using moodle learning management system in teaching from distance learning to the e-learning 5.0 of new technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1933(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1933/1/012124
- Varghese, B. (2020). Certain strategies for reducing mathematical anxiety. International Journal of Exclusive Global Research, 5(6), 5–7. https://www.ijegr.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Certain-Strategies-for-Reducing-Mathematical-Anxiety-1.pdf
- Waalkens, M., Aleven, V., & Taatgen, N. (2013). Does supporting multiple student strategies lead to greater learning and motivation? Investigating a source of complexity in the architecture of intelligent tutoring systems. Computers & Education, 60(1), 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.07.016
- Wong, R. (2020). When no one can go to school: Does online learning meet students’ basic learning needs? Interactive Learning Environments, 28(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1789672
- Wulandari, E., & Mandasari, Y. P. (2021). WhatsApp in emergency remote learning (The students’ perception). JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 6(2), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v6i2.1402
References
Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: The challenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 28(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students’ perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/http://www.doi.org/10.33902/JPSP.2020261309 Research
Agustina, E., & Suharya, T. (2021). Zoom breakout room for students’ collaborative skill enhancement in history learning during covid-19 outbreak. International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education, 5(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.24036/00430za0002
Al Ghazali, F. (2020). Challenges and opportunities of fostering learner autonomy and self-access learning during the covid-19 pandemic. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 11(3), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.37237/110302
Alabdulaziz, M. S. (2021). Covid-19 and the use of digital technology in mathematics education. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 7609–7633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10602-3
Andriani, T., Ulya, N. H. A., Alfiana, T. P., Solicha, S., Hafsari, S. B. A., & Ishartono, N. (2022). Improving student’s critical thinking skill in mathematics through Geogebra-based flipped learning during pandemi covid-19: An experimental study. Journal of Medives : Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 6(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.31331/medivesveteran.v6i1.1901
Apsari, R. A., Sripatmi, S., Sariyasa, S., Maulyda, M. A., & Salsabila, N. H. (2020). Pembelajaran matematika dengan media obrolan kelompok multi-arah sebagai alternatif kelas jarak jauh. Jurnal Elemen, 6(2), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.29408/jel.v6i2.2179
Bakker, A., Cai, J., & Zenger, L. (2021). Future themes of mathematics education research: An international survey before and during the pandemic. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 107, 1–24. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10649-021-10049-w
Bakker, A., & Wagner, D. (2020). Pandemic: lessons for today and tomorrow? Educational Studies in Mathematics, 104(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-020-09946-3
Balacheff, N. (1993). Artificial intelligence and mathematics education: Expectations and questions. 14th Biennal of the AAMT, Perth Curtin University, 1–24. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32231451_Artificial_Intelligence_and_Mathematics_Education_Expectations_and_Questions
Bhatt, S., Joshi, R. K., Lamichhane, T. R., & Ghimire, M. P. (2022). The epidemic trend of COVID-19 in SAARC countries: A predictive modelling and analysis. Scientific World, 15(15), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v15i15.45669
Boerngen, M. A., & Rickard, J. W. (2021). To zoom or not to zoom: The impact of rural broadband on online learning. Natural Sciences Education, 50(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/nse2.20044
Chen, X., Xie, H., & Hwang, G. J. (2020). A multi-perspective study on artificial intelligence in education: Grants, conferences, journals, software tools, institutions, and researchers. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100005
Cruz-Jesus, F., Castelli, M., Oliveira, T., Mendes, R., Nunes, C., Sa-Velho, M., & Rosa-Louro, A. (2020). Using artificial intelligence methods to assess academic achievement in public high schools of a European Union country. Heliyon, 6(6), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04081
Daniatun, R., Qohar, A., & Susanto, H. (2021). Students’ activeness in mathematics learning via zoom on algebra learning material. Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v12i1.8229
Delima, N., & Cahyawati, D. (2021). Students’ mathematics self-concept, mathematics anxiety and mathematics self-regulated learning during the covid-19 pandemic. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 15(2), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.15.2.13200.103-114
Fatmi, N., Muhammad, I., Muliana, & Nasrah, S. (2021). The utilization of moodle-based learning management system (LMS) in learning mathematics and physics to students’ cognitive learning outcomes. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 3(2), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v3i2.4665
Fuady, I., Sutarjo, A. S., & Ernawati, E. (2021). Analysis of students’ perceptions of online learning media during the covid-19 pandemic (Study of e-learning media: Zoom, Google Meet, Google Classroom, and LMS). Randwick International of Social Science (RISS) Journal, 2(1), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i1.177
Gadanidis, G. (2017). Artificial intelligence, computational thinking, and mathematics education. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 34(2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-09-2016-0048
Galoyan, T., Betts, K., Delaney, B., & Fourie, M. (2021). Exploring online pedagogical practices for enhancing transfer of learning in higher education. Online Learning Journal, 25(4), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v25i4.2887
Gaol, F. L., & Hutagalung, F. (2020). The trends of blended learning in Southeast Asia. Education and Information Technologies, 25(2), 659–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10140-4
Haslam, M. B. (2021). What might covid-19 have taught us about the delivery of nurse education, in a post-covid-19 world? Nurse Education Today, 97-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104707
Hermawan, F. (2022). Using intelligent tutoring systems through cognitive tutor authoring tools to solve filling slot problems. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika (Kudus), 5(1), 93–102. https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/jmtk/article/view/14484/pdf
Hwang, G., & Tu, Y. (2021). Roles and research trends of artificial intelligence in mathematics education: A bibliometric mapping analysis and systematic review. Mathematics, 9(6), 584–602. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9060584
Ilmi, L. R., & Praptana. (2022). Trend for risk covid-19: A case study in Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 17(3), 398–404. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v17i3.28577
Irfan, M., Kusumaningrum, B., Yulia, Y., & Widodo, S. A. (2020). Challenges during the pandemic: Use of e-learning in mathematics learning in higher education. Infinity Journal, 9(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v9i2.p147-158
Ishartono, N., Nurcahyo, A., Waluyo, M., Prayitno, H. J., & Hanifah, M. (2022). Integrating GeoGebra into the flipped learning approach to improve students’ self-regulated learning during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i1.pp69-86
Kalogeropoulos, P., Roche, A., Russo, J., Vats, S., & Russo, T. (2021). Learning mathematics from home during covid-19: Insights from two inquiry-focussed primary schools. EURASIA: Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 17(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/10830
King, C. L., Vincent, Kelvin, Warnars, H. L. H. S., Nordin, N., & Utomo, W. H. (2021). Intelligent tutoring system: learning math for 6th-grade primary school students. Education Research International, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5590470
Knill, O., Carlsson, J., Chi, A., & Lezama, M. (2004). An artificial intelligence experiment in college math education. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.118.5672&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Komsiyah, I. (2021). The challenge of Zoom Cloud Meeting in online learning process. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(2), 829–835. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i2.820
Kong, S. C., Man-Yin Cheung, W., & Zhang, G. (2021). Evaluation of an artificial intelligence literacy course for university students with diverse study backgrounds. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100026
Kusmaharti, D., & Yustitia, V. (2020). Efektivitas online larning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika mahasiswa. Journal of Medives: Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 4(2), 311–318. https://doi.org/10.31331/medivesveteran.v4i2.1199
Kustiyani, A., Surachmi W, S., & Suad. (2021). Implementation problem-based learning model using Zoom meeting application. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1823(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1823/1/012077
Lowenthal, P. R., & Moore, R. L. (2020). Exploring student perceptions of flipgrid in online courses. Online Learning Journal, 24(4), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v24i4.2335
Mideros, D. (2020). Out-of-class learning of Spanish during covid-19: A case study in Trinidad and Tobago. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 11(3), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.37237/110308
Monica, J., & Fitriawati, D. (2020). Efektivitas Penggunaan Aplikasi Zoom Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Online Pada Mahasiswa Saat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Communio: Jurnal Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi, 9(2), 1630–1640. https://doi.org/10.35508/jikom.v9i2.2416
Muhazir, A., & Retnawati, H. (2020). The teachers’ obstacles in implementing technology in mathematics learning classes in the digital era. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1511(2020), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1511/1/012022
Nida, N. K., Usodo, B., & Saputro, D. R. S. (2020). The blended learning with Whatsapp media on mathematics creative thinking skills and math anxiety. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 14(2), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v14i2.16233
Nisa, L. Z., Prameswari, T. N., & Alawiyah, Y. I. (2021). The effect of using small group discussions through zoom breakout room to increase the frequency of individual speaking participation in the speaking courses. Journal of Digital Learning and Education, 1(3), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.52562/jdle.v1i3.264
Nzaramyimana, E., Mukandayambaje, E., Iyamuremye, L., Hakizumuremyi, V., & Ukobizaba, F. (2021). Effectiveness of GeoGebra towards students’ active learning, performance and interest to learn mathematics. International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Research, 9(10), 2423–2430. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmcr/v9i10.05
Ouyang, F., & Jiao, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: The three paradigms. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100020
Pappas, M. A., & Drigas, A. S. (2016). Incorporation of artificial intelligence tutoring techniques in mathematics. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (IJEP), 6(4), 12–16. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v6i4.6063
Pramana, C., Susanti, R., Ernawati, K., Darmawan, I. P. A., Miftah, M. Z., Lestyowati, J., Werdiningsih, R., & Ramadhani, R. (2021). Distance learning in primary schools during the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Challenges, solutions, and projections. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(4), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.502
Rachmavita, F. P. (2020). Interactive media-based video animation and student learning motivation in mathematics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1663, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1663/1/012040
Rahiem, M. D. H. (2021). Indonesian university students’ likes and dislikes about emergency remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of University Education, 17(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i1.11525
Randall, L. E. (2022). A comparison of three assessment types on student engagement and content knowledge in online instruction. Online Learning Journal, 26(2), 102–123. https://olj.onlinelearningconsortium.org/index.php/olj/article/view/2720/1174
Raynal, A., & Light, D. (2021). Appropriating WhatsApp for learning: How preschool families increased their voices in remote instruction. 2021 Machine Learning-Driven Digital Technologies for Educational Innovation Workshop. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf53024.2021.9733777
Razzaq, L., Maloy, R. W., Edwards, S., Marshall, D., Arroyo, I., & Woolf, B. P. (2011). 4MALITY: Coaching Students with Different Problem-Solving Strategies Using an Online Tutoring System. In User Modeling, Adaption and Personalization (pp. 359–364). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22362-4_33
Rodrigo, M. M. T., Baker, R. S. J. d., D’Mello, S., Gonzalez, M. C. T., Lagud, M. C. V., Lim, S. A. L., Macapanpan, A. F., & Pascua, S. A. M. S. (2008). Comparing learners’ affect while using an intelligent tutoring system and a simulation problem solving game. In Intelligent Tutoring Systems (pp. 40–49). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69132-7_9
Saldana, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. California: Sage.
Schleicher, A. (2020). The impact of covid-19 on education: Insights from education at a glance 2020. In OECD Journal: Economic Studies. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/education/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-education-insights-education-at-a-glance-2020.pdf
Sefriani, R., Sepriana, R., Wijaya, I., Radyuli, P., & Menrisal. (2021). Blended learning with Edmodo: The effectiveness of statistical learning during the covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(1), 293–299. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20826
Seidu, A., & Owusu-boateng, O. (2022). Evaluating the media platforms, devices and challenges associated with online teaching and learning of mathematics during the covid-19 pandemic. Asian Research Journal of Mathematics, 18(10), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJOM/2022/v18i1030420
Serhan, D. (2020). Transitioning from face-to-face to remote learning: Students’ attitudes and perceptions of using zoom during covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 4(4), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.148
Soesanto, R. H., & Dirgantoro, K. P. S. (2021a). Calculus learning via Screencast-O-Matic during the pandemic: An exploration towards students’ perception of math anxiety. MaPan: Jurnal Matematika & Pembalajaran, 9(2), 261–279. https://doi.org/10.24252/mapan.2021v9n2a5
Soesanto, R. H., & Dirgantoro, K. P. S. (2021b). Commemorating one-year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Indonesian and international issues of secondary and tertiary mathematics learning. International Journal of Studies in Education and Science (IJSES), 2(1), 18–35. https://www.ijses.net/index.php/ijses/article/view/3/pdf
Soesanto, R. H., & Dirgantoro, K. P. S. (2021c). Welcome back to face-to-face: A novel Indonesian issue of students’ perceptions towards learning transition. Issues in Educational Research, 31(4), 1249–1269. http://www.iier.org.au/iier31/soesanto.pdf
Sugandi, A. I., & Bernard, M. (2020). Efektivitas pembelajaran daring berbasis masalah berbantuan Geogebra terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis di era covid-19. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 9(4), 993–1004. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v9i4.3133
Sumardi, D., Suryani, N., & Musadad, A. A. (2021). Website-based learning management system (LMS) as a tool for learning in the covid-19 pandemic period for junior high schools. Journal of Education Technology, 5(3), 346–355. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i3.38371
Syarif, I., Mahyuddin, M. J., Sura’, H., & Baharuddin, E. E. (2021). Using moodle learning management system in teaching from distance learning to the e-learning 5.0 of new technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1933(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1933/1/012124
Varghese, B. (2020). Certain strategies for reducing mathematical anxiety. International Journal of Exclusive Global Research, 5(6), 5–7. https://www.ijegr.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Certain-Strategies-for-Reducing-Mathematical-Anxiety-1.pdf
Waalkens, M., Aleven, V., & Taatgen, N. (2013). Does supporting multiple student strategies lead to greater learning and motivation? Investigating a source of complexity in the architecture of intelligent tutoring systems. Computers & Education, 60(1), 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.07.016
Wong, R. (2020). When no one can go to school: Does online learning meet students’ basic learning needs? Interactive Learning Environments, 28(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1789672
Wulandari, E., & Mandasari, Y. P. (2021). WhatsApp in emergency remote learning (The students’ perception). JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 6(2), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v6i2.1402