Main Article Content
Abstract
The current generation of young people faces significant financial challenges in an increasingly volatile global economy, highlighting the need for enhanced financial literacy education. While the OECD has recommended the integration of financial literacy into school curricula, a notable gap exists in the development of age-appropriate financial literacy content that aligns with students’ cognitive and developmental stages. This study addresses this gap by evaluating students’ financial literacy knowledge, with a particular focus on integrating financial concepts into mathematics education. Specifically, the research targets financial topics that are accessible and relatable to upper elementary school students, exploring how these concepts can be integrated into existing mathematics curricula. The study involved students from grades 4, 5, and 6, with data collected through interviews that were transcribed and analyzed using NVIVO software. Findings indicate that topics such as exchange rates, foreign currencies, cash transactions, and digital payment systems resonate with students' existing knowledge and personal experiences. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of introducing foundational personal financial management skills, such as distinguishing between needs and wants and promoting saving habits, from an early age. However, it also highlights that more complex financial concepts, including regulatory frameworks, consumer protection, and data security risks, are not developmentally appropriate for elementary students. The results of this research offer valuable insights into the practical integration of financial literacy into mathematics classrooms, with potential implications for curriculum development. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on financial literacy education, providing a basis for selecting relevant financial topics for school curricula and fostering a more financially literate future generation.
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References
- Abylkassymova, A., Mubarakov, A., Yerkisheva, Z., Turganbayeva, Z., & Baysalov, Z. (2020). Assessment of financial literacy formation methods in mathematics education: financial computation. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(16), 49-67. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/217935/
- Amagir, A., Groot, W., Maassen van den Brink, H., & Wilschut, A. (2018). A review of financial-literacy education programs for children and adolescents. In Citizenship, Social and Economics Education (Vol. 17, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2047173417719555
- Amagir, A., van den Brink, H. M., Groot, W., & Wilschut, A. (2022). SaveWise: The impact of a real-life financial education program for ninth grade students in the Netherlands. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 33, 100605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2021.100605
- Amidjono, D. S., Brock, J., & Junaidi, E. (2016). Financial literacy in Indonesia. International Handbook of Financial Literacy, 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0360-8_18
- Amirullah, A., Malela, N. M., & Biori, H. (2022). Financial numeracy in mathematics education: Research and practice. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 22(2), 481-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42330-022-00215-4
- Barrot, J. S., Gonzales, J. M., Eniego, A. A., Salipande, A. L., & Olegario, M. L. G. (2024). Integrating financial literacy into the K-12 curriculum: Teachers’ and school leaders’ experience. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 33(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-022-00704-y
- Bhandare, P. V., Guha, S., Chaudhury, R. H., & Ghosh, C. (2021). Impact of financial literacy models on the financial behavior of individuals: An empirical study on the Indian context. Strategic Change, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2431
- Caplinska, A., & Ohotina, A. (2019). Analysis of financial literacy tendencies with young people, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 6 (4): 6 (4) 1736-1749. http://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.6.4(13)
- Council for Economic Education (CEE). 2016. Survey of the sates: Economic and personal finance education in our nation’s schools. New York: CEE
- Cortez, R. M., Johnston, W. J., & Ehret, M. (2023). “Good Times–Bad Times”–Relationship marketing through business cycles. Journal of Business Research, 165, 114063 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114063
- Coda Moscarola, F., & Kalwij, A. (2021). The effectiveness of a formal financial education program at primary schools and the role of informal financial education. Evaluation review, 45(3-4), 107-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X211042515
- Cunningham, J. (2021). " We Made Math!": Black Parents as a Guide for Supporting Black Children's Mathematical Identities. Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, 14(1), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.21423/jume-v14i1a414
- Eniola, A. A., & Entebang, H. (2017). SME managers and financial literacy. Global Business Review, 18(3), 559-576. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917692063
- Gardynia, N., & Syaodih, E. (2021, March). Learning Cycle for Literacy Financial of Early Childhood Education. In ICOPE 2020: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Progressive Education, ICOPE 2020, 16-17 October 2020, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia (p. 453). European Alliance for Innovation. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-10-2020.2305227
- Gudmunson, C. G., & Danes, S. M. (2011). Family financial socialization: Theory and critical review. Journal of family and economic issues, 32, 644-667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-011-9275-y
- Gravemeijer, K. (1994). Educational development and developmental research in mathematics education. Journal for research in Mathematics Education, 25(5), 443-471. https://doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.25.5.0443
- Gibert, R., Adams, I., & Kang, S. (2024). From saving to budgeting: unpacking the impact of a culturally relevant financial literacy summer program-$ mart money. Cogent Education, 11(1), 2387900. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2387900
- Hussain, N., Rigoni, U., & Cavezzali, E. (2018). Does it pay to be sustainable? Looking inside the black box of the relationship between sustainability performance and financial performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(6), 1198-1211. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1631
- Kusumawati, I. B., Fachrudin, A. D., & Putri, R. I. I. (2023). Infusing Islamic financial literacy in mathematics education for Islamic school. Journal on Mathematics Education, 14(1), 19-34. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4189-5811
- Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S., & Curto, V. (2010). Financial literacy among the young. Journal of consumer affairs, 44(2), 358-380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2010.01173.x
- Limna, P. (2023). The impact of NVivo in qualitative research: Perspectives from graduate students. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.17
- Mandell, L. (2008). The financial literacy of young American adults. The jumpstart coalition for personal financial literacy, 163-183.
- Mancone S, Tosti B, Corrado S, Spica G, Zanon A and Diotaiuti P (2024) Youth, money, and behavior: the impact of financial literacy programs. Front. Educ. 9:1397060. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1397060
- Mandell, L. (2008). Financial literacy of high school students. In Handbook of consumer finance research (pp. 163-183). New York, NY: Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75734-6_10
- Marchetti, A., Rinaldi, T., Lombardi, E., Massaro, D., & Valle, A. (2021). Learning to wait, be altruistic, and fair: a primary school training in economic education. In Financial Education and Risk Literacy (pp. 112-122). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789908855.00014
- Merry, K. E., Webster, F., & Kucharczyk, S. (2022). Investing in Students With Extensive Support Needs: Steps to Integrate Personal Financial Literacy in Inclusive Settings for Educators, Students, and Families. Inclusive Practices, 1(4), 156-170. https://doi.org/10.1177/27324745221128931
- Moscarola, F. C., and Kalwij, A. (2021). The effectiveness of a formal financial education program at primary schools and the role of informal financial education. Eval. Rev. 45, 107–133. doi: 10.1177/0193841X211042515)
- OECD (2017), PISA 2015 Results (Volume IV): Students’ Literasi finansial, PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264270282-en
- OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework. Paris: OECD Publishing.
- Ozkale, A., & Erdogan, E. O. (2020). A Conceptual Model for the Interaction of Mathematical and Financial Literacies. International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(5), 288-304. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1273327.pdf
- Ozkale, A., & Ozdemir Erdogan, E. (2022). An analysis of the interaction between mathematical literacy and financial literacy in PISA. International journal of mathematical education in science and technology, 53(8), 1983-2003. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2020.1842526
- Ozkale, A., & Aprea, C. (2023). Designing mathematical tasks to enhance financial literacy among children in Grades 1–8. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 54(3), 433-450. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2022.2157342
- Oehler, A., & Wendt, S. (2017). Good consumer information: the information paradigm at its (dead) end?. Journal of Consumer Policy, 40, 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-016-9337-5
- Phillips, M., & Lu, J. (2018). A quick look at NVivo. Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, 30(2), 104-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/1941126X.2018.1465535
- Ramadhan, M. H., Putri, R. I. I., & Resti, Y. (2024). Which is better between gold and its share? A context for designing a financial mathematical task. Journal on Mathematics Education, 15(4), 1115-1130. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v15i4.pp1115-1130
- Sharif, S. P., & Naghavi, N. (2020). Family financial socialization, financial information seeking behavior and financial literacy among youth. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 12(2), 163-181. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-09-2019-0196
- Sagita, L., Putri, R. I. I., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2022). Promising Research Studies between Mathematics Literacy and Financial Literacy through Project-Based Learning. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(4), 753-772. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-0130
- Sagita, L., Putri, R. I. I., Zulkardi, Z., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2023). Basic arithmetic on financial literacy skills: A new learning outcome. JRAMathEdu (Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v8i1.1252
- Sawatzki, C. (2017). Lessons in financial literacy task design: Authentic, imaginable, useful. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 29(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-016-0184-0
- Sawatzki, C., & Sullivan, P. (2018). Shopping for shoes: Teaching students to apply and interpret mathematics in the real world. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 16(7), 1355–1373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-017-9833-3
- Savard, A., & Cavalcante, A. (Eds.). (2021). Financial numeracy in mathematics education: Research and practice (Vol. 15). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73588-3
- Savard, A. (2022). What did they have to say about money and finance? Grade 4 students’ representations about financial concepts when learning mathematics. Education 3-13, 50(3), 316-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2020.1850826
- Takeuchi, M. A. (2018). Conversions for life: Transnational families’ mathematical funds of knowledge. Toward equity and social justice in mathematics education, 127-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92907-1_8
- Van Campenhout, G. (2015). Revaluing the role of parents as financial socialization agents in youth financial literacy programs. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 49(1), 186-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12064
- Williams, P., Morton, J. K., & Christian, B. J. (2022). Enhancing financial literacy in children 5–12 years old using authentic learning within a school market garden programme. Education 3-13, 50(3), 361-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2020.1851741
- Yanto, H., Ismail, N., Kiswanto, K., Rahim, N. M., & Baroroh, N. (2021). The roles of peers and social media in building financial literacy among the millennial generation: A case of indonesian economics and business students. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1947579
- Yeo, J. K. K. (2016). Infusing financial literacy in primary mathematics: A proposed framework for instruction. International Handbook of Financial Literacy, 603-616. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0360-8_38
References
Abylkassymova, A., Mubarakov, A., Yerkisheva, Z., Turganbayeva, Z., & Baysalov, Z. (2020). Assessment of financial literacy formation methods in mathematics education: financial computation. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(16), 49-67. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/217935/
Amagir, A., Groot, W., Maassen van den Brink, H., & Wilschut, A. (2018). A review of financial-literacy education programs for children and adolescents. In Citizenship, Social and Economics Education (Vol. 17, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2047173417719555
Amagir, A., van den Brink, H. M., Groot, W., & Wilschut, A. (2022). SaveWise: The impact of a real-life financial education program for ninth grade students in the Netherlands. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 33, 100605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2021.100605
Amidjono, D. S., Brock, J., & Junaidi, E. (2016). Financial literacy in Indonesia. International Handbook of Financial Literacy, 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0360-8_18
Amirullah, A., Malela, N. M., & Biori, H. (2022). Financial numeracy in mathematics education: Research and practice. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 22(2), 481-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42330-022-00215-4
Barrot, J. S., Gonzales, J. M., Eniego, A. A., Salipande, A. L., & Olegario, M. L. G. (2024). Integrating financial literacy into the K-12 curriculum: Teachers’ and school leaders’ experience. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 33(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-022-00704-y
Bhandare, P. V., Guha, S., Chaudhury, R. H., & Ghosh, C. (2021). Impact of financial literacy models on the financial behavior of individuals: An empirical study on the Indian context. Strategic Change, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2431
Caplinska, A., & Ohotina, A. (2019). Analysis of financial literacy tendencies with young people, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 6 (4): 6 (4) 1736-1749. http://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.6.4(13)
Council for Economic Education (CEE). 2016. Survey of the sates: Economic and personal finance education in our nation’s schools. New York: CEE
Cortez, R. M., Johnston, W. J., & Ehret, M. (2023). “Good Times–Bad Times”–Relationship marketing through business cycles. Journal of Business Research, 165, 114063 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114063
Coda Moscarola, F., & Kalwij, A. (2021). The effectiveness of a formal financial education program at primary schools and the role of informal financial education. Evaluation review, 45(3-4), 107-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X211042515
Cunningham, J. (2021). " We Made Math!": Black Parents as a Guide for Supporting Black Children's Mathematical Identities. Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, 14(1), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.21423/jume-v14i1a414
Eniola, A. A., & Entebang, H. (2017). SME managers and financial literacy. Global Business Review, 18(3), 559-576. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917692063
Gardynia, N., & Syaodih, E. (2021, March). Learning Cycle for Literacy Financial of Early Childhood Education. In ICOPE 2020: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Progressive Education, ICOPE 2020, 16-17 October 2020, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia (p. 453). European Alliance for Innovation. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-10-2020.2305227
Gudmunson, C. G., & Danes, S. M. (2011). Family financial socialization: Theory and critical review. Journal of family and economic issues, 32, 644-667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-011-9275-y
Gravemeijer, K. (1994). Educational development and developmental research in mathematics education. Journal for research in Mathematics Education, 25(5), 443-471. https://doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.25.5.0443
Gibert, R., Adams, I., & Kang, S. (2024). From saving to budgeting: unpacking the impact of a culturally relevant financial literacy summer program-$ mart money. Cogent Education, 11(1), 2387900. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2387900
Hussain, N., Rigoni, U., & Cavezzali, E. (2018). Does it pay to be sustainable? Looking inside the black box of the relationship between sustainability performance and financial performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(6), 1198-1211. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1631
Kusumawati, I. B., Fachrudin, A. D., & Putri, R. I. I. (2023). Infusing Islamic financial literacy in mathematics education for Islamic school. Journal on Mathematics Education, 14(1), 19-34. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4189-5811
Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S., & Curto, V. (2010). Financial literacy among the young. Journal of consumer affairs, 44(2), 358-380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2010.01173.x
Limna, P. (2023). The impact of NVivo in qualitative research: Perspectives from graduate students. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.17
Mandell, L. (2008). The financial literacy of young American adults. The jumpstart coalition for personal financial literacy, 163-183.
Mancone S, Tosti B, Corrado S, Spica G, Zanon A and Diotaiuti P (2024) Youth, money, and behavior: the impact of financial literacy programs. Front. Educ. 9:1397060. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1397060
Mandell, L. (2008). Financial literacy of high school students. In Handbook of consumer finance research (pp. 163-183). New York, NY: Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75734-6_10
Marchetti, A., Rinaldi, T., Lombardi, E., Massaro, D., & Valle, A. (2021). Learning to wait, be altruistic, and fair: a primary school training in economic education. In Financial Education and Risk Literacy (pp. 112-122). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789908855.00014
Merry, K. E., Webster, F., & Kucharczyk, S. (2022). Investing in Students With Extensive Support Needs: Steps to Integrate Personal Financial Literacy in Inclusive Settings for Educators, Students, and Families. Inclusive Practices, 1(4), 156-170. https://doi.org/10.1177/27324745221128931
Moscarola, F. C., and Kalwij, A. (2021). The effectiveness of a formal financial education program at primary schools and the role of informal financial education. Eval. Rev. 45, 107–133. doi: 10.1177/0193841X211042515)
OECD (2017), PISA 2015 Results (Volume IV): Students’ Literasi finansial, PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264270282-en
OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Ozkale, A., & Erdogan, E. O. (2020). A Conceptual Model for the Interaction of Mathematical and Financial Literacies. International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(5), 288-304. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1273327.pdf
Ozkale, A., & Ozdemir Erdogan, E. (2022). An analysis of the interaction between mathematical literacy and financial literacy in PISA. International journal of mathematical education in science and technology, 53(8), 1983-2003. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2020.1842526
Ozkale, A., & Aprea, C. (2023). Designing mathematical tasks to enhance financial literacy among children in Grades 1–8. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 54(3), 433-450. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2022.2157342
Oehler, A., & Wendt, S. (2017). Good consumer information: the information paradigm at its (dead) end?. Journal of Consumer Policy, 40, 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-016-9337-5
Phillips, M., & Lu, J. (2018). A quick look at NVivo. Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, 30(2), 104-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/1941126X.2018.1465535
Ramadhan, M. H., Putri, R. I. I., & Resti, Y. (2024). Which is better between gold and its share? A context for designing a financial mathematical task. Journal on Mathematics Education, 15(4), 1115-1130. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v15i4.pp1115-1130
Sharif, S. P., & Naghavi, N. (2020). Family financial socialization, financial information seeking behavior and financial literacy among youth. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 12(2), 163-181. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-09-2019-0196
Sagita, L., Putri, R. I. I., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2022). Promising Research Studies between Mathematics Literacy and Financial Literacy through Project-Based Learning. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(4), 753-772. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-0130
Sagita, L., Putri, R. I. I., Zulkardi, Z., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2023). Basic arithmetic on financial literacy skills: A new learning outcome. JRAMathEdu (Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v8i1.1252
Sawatzki, C. (2017). Lessons in financial literacy task design: Authentic, imaginable, useful. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 29(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-016-0184-0
Sawatzki, C., & Sullivan, P. (2018). Shopping for shoes: Teaching students to apply and interpret mathematics in the real world. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 16(7), 1355–1373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-017-9833-3
Savard, A., & Cavalcante, A. (Eds.). (2021). Financial numeracy in mathematics education: Research and practice (Vol. 15). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73588-3
Savard, A. (2022). What did they have to say about money and finance? Grade 4 students’ representations about financial concepts when learning mathematics. Education 3-13, 50(3), 316-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2020.1850826
Takeuchi, M. A. (2018). Conversions for life: Transnational families’ mathematical funds of knowledge. Toward equity and social justice in mathematics education, 127-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92907-1_8
Van Campenhout, G. (2015). Revaluing the role of parents as financial socialization agents in youth financial literacy programs. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 49(1), 186-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12064
Williams, P., Morton, J. K., & Christian, B. J. (2022). Enhancing financial literacy in children 5–12 years old using authentic learning within a school market garden programme. Education 3-13, 50(3), 361-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2020.1851741
Yanto, H., Ismail, N., Kiswanto, K., Rahim, N. M., & Baroroh, N. (2021). The roles of peers and social media in building financial literacy among the millennial generation: A case of indonesian economics and business students. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1947579
Yeo, J. K. K. (2016). Infusing financial literacy in primary mathematics: A proposed framework for instruction. International Handbook of Financial Literacy, 603-616. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0360-8_38