Main Article Content

Abstract

Algebra as a study of quantitative relationship is one of four conceptions of school algebra which serves as a foundation for the concept of function. However, there is still a lack of attention to this particular relationship, especially in early algebraic reasoning. This study aims to investigate how the aspect of quantitative relationship in early algebra can be explored through area conservation activities. Understanding area conservation is said to be fundamental in developing the concept of area measurement. In this study, a ten-year old pupil was observed during her involvement while comparing area of two polygons that can be decomposed into equivalent triangles. Data for this study include the pupil’s written artefacts, and video recordings of the activities and interviews. Findings from this study show that the area conservation activity has the potential to build the notion of quantitative relationships in early algebra. The quantitative relationship between the unit of measurement and the result of measurement of a shape can also be explored, that is, the smaller the unit of measurement, the larger the result of measurement. Hence, this study can provide a groundwork for further studies in the relation between quantitative relationship in algebra and area conservation in geometry at the elementary school level.

Keywords

Area Conservation Area Measurement Early Algebra Quantitative Relationship

Article Details

How to Cite
Sari, P., & Ng, S. F. (2022). Exploring quantitative relationship through area conservation activity. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i1.pp31-50

References

  1. Amerom, B. A. V. (2003). Focusing on informal strategies when linking arithmetic to early algebra. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 54, 63-75. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EDUC.0000005237.72281.bf
  2. Banerjee, R., & Subramaniam, K. (2012). Evolution of a teaching approach for beginning algebra. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 80(3), 351 - 367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-011-9353-y
  3. Baroody, A. J. (2003). The Development of Adaptive Expertise and Flexibility: The Integration of Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge. In A. J. Baroody & A. Dowker (Eds.), The Development of Arithmetic Concepts and Skills: Constructive Adaptive Expertise. Routledge Ltd.
  4. Blanton, M., Stroud, R., Stephens, A., Gardiner, A. M., Stylianou, D. A., Knuth, E., Isler-Baykal, I., & Strachota, S. (2019). Does Early Algebra Matter? The Effectiveness of an Early Algebra Intervention in Grades 3 to 5. American Educational Research Journal, 56(5), 1930-1972. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831219832301
  5. Cobb, P., Confrey, J., diSessa, A., Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2003). Design experiments in educational research. Educational Researcher, 32 (1)(The role of design in educational research), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X032001009
  6. Davydov, V. V. (1962). An Experiment in Introducing Elements of Algebra in Elementary School. Soviet Education, 5(1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393050127
  7. Davydov, V. V. (1975). The psychological characteristics of the “prenumerical” period of mathematics instruction. In L. P. Steffe (Ed.), Children’s capacity for learning mathematics. Soviet studies in the psychology of learning and teaching mathematics (Vol. 7, pp. 109-205). Chicago: University of Chicago.
  8. Dougherty, B. (2008). Measure Up: A Quantitative View of Early Algebra. In J. J. Kaput, D. W. Carraher, & M. L. Blanton (Eds.), Algebra in the Early Grades (pp. 389-412). Routledge.
  9. Duval, R. (2017). Understanding the Mathematical Way of Thinking - The Registers of Semiotic Representations. Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer.
  10. Ekawati, R., Kohar, A. W., Imah, E. M., Amin, S. M., & Fiangga, S. (2019). Students’ cognitive processes in solving problem related to the concept of area conservation. Journal on Mathematics Education, 10(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.10.1.6339.21-36
  11. Freiman, V., & Fellus, O. O. (2021). Closing the gap on the map: Davydov’s contribution to current early algebra discourse in light of the 1960s Soviet debates over word-problem solving. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 106(3), 343-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-020-09989-6
  12. Freudenthal, H. (1974). Soviet Research on Teaching Algebra at the Lower Grades of the Elementary School. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 5(4), 391-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00684710
  13. Freudenthal, H. (1978). Weeding and sowing: Preface to a science of mathematical education. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Reidel.
  14. Hart, K. (1981). Measurement. In K. M. Hart (Ed.), Children’s understanding of mathematics (Vol. 9-22).
  15. Kamii, C., & Kysh, J. (2006). The difficulty of “length×width”: Is a square the unit of measurement? The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 25(2), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2006.02.001
  16. Kaput, J. J. (2008). What is Algebra? What is Algebraic Reasoning? In J. J. Kaput, D. W. Carraher, & M. L. Blanton (Eds.), Algebra in the Early Grades (pp. 5-17). Routledge.
  17. Kieran, C. (2004). Algebraic thinking in the early grades: What is it. The Mathematics Educator, 8(1), 139-151.
  18. Kieran, C., & Ng, S. F. (2018). Teaching and learning algebraic thinking with 5- to 12-year-olds [electronic resource] : the global evolution of an emerging field of research and practice / Carolyn Kieran, editor. Springer International Publishing.
  19. Kieran, C., Pang, J., Schifter, D., & Ng, S. F. (2016). Early Algebra: Research into its Nature, its Learning, its Teaching. Springer Open. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32258-2
  20. Kordaki, M. (2003). The Effect of Tools of a Computer Microworld on Students' Strategies regarding the Concept of Conservation of Area. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 52(2), 177-209. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024065107302
  21. Kospentaris, G., Spyrou, P., & Lappas, D. (2011). Exploring students' strategies in area conservation geometrical tasks. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 77(1), 105-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-011-9303-8
  22. Lehrer, R. (2003). Developing Understanding of Measurement. In J. Kilpatrick, W. G. Martin, & D. Schifter (Eds.), A research companion to principles and standards for school mathematics (pp. 179-192). Reston, VA : National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
  23. NCTM. (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Inc.
  24. Ng, S. F. (2004). Developing algebraic thinking in early grades: case study of the Singapore primary mathematics curriculum. The Mathematics Educator, 8(1), 39-59.
  25. OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 assessment and analytical framework. https://doi.org/10.1787/b25efab8-en
  26. Outhred, L. N., & Mitchelmore, M. C. (2000). Young Children's Intuitive Understanding of Rectangular Area Measurement. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 31(2), 144-167. https://doi.org/10.2307/749749
  27. Peck, D. M., & Jenks, S. M. (1988). Reality, Arithmetic, Algebra. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 7, 85-91.
  28. Piaget, J., Inhelder, B., & Szeminska, A. (1960). The child's conception of geometry (E. A. Lunzer, Trans.). Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  29. Skemp, R. R. (1976). Relational Understanding and Instrumental Understanding. Mathematics Teacher, 77, 20-26. https://doi.org/10.5951/AT.26.3.0009
  30. Steffe, L. P., & Thompson, P. W. (2000). Teaching experiment methodology: Underlying principles and essential elements. In R. Lesh & A. E. Kelly (Eds.), Research design in mathematics and science education (pp. 267-307). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  31. Stephan, M., & Clements, D. H. (2004). Linear and Area Measurement in Prekindergarten to Grade 2. In D. H. Clements (Ed.), Learning and Teaching Measurement (2003 Yearbook) (pp. 3-16). National Council of Teachers of Mathematics: Reston, VA.
  32. Usiskin, Z. (1988). Conceptions of School Algebra and Uses of Variables. In A. F. Coxford & A. P. Shulbert (Eds.), The Ideas of Algebra, K-12. 1988 Yearbook. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
  33. Wertheimer, M. (1945). Productive thinking. New York: Harper & Brothers.