Main Article Content
Abstract
Indonesia's Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) results from 2000 to 2018 are worrisome because they are at the bottom of the international rankings. This result illustrates the low quality of education in Indonesia, which correlates with the qualifications of teachers. The quality of education will increase proportionally to the proportion of teachers who possess the necessary skills. Therefore, this study aims to train teachers to improve their professionalism in developing HOTs questions using the Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) approach. Design research-type development studies with two stages, preliminary and formative evaluation, are utilized. The results of the workshop revealed that the teacher's competency scores in developing HOTs questions increased by 45.70% (before the workshop), 77.14% (workshop 1), and 85.70% (workshop 2), respectively. It is evidenced by the teacher's ability to develop HOTs questions with the characteristics of questions investigating number content within the local context of selling duku fruits (langsat), which is a typical fruit of the East Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) Regency and with a high degree of difficulty. This research also affects students in that it can stimulate their critical thinking abilities.
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References
- Abdullah, A. H., Mokhtar, M., Halim, N. D. A., Ali, D. F., Tahir, L. M., & Kohar, U. H. A. (2016). Mathematics teachers’ level of knowledge and practice on the implementation of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(1), 3-17. https://www.ejmste.com/download/mathematics-teachers-level-of-knowledge-and-practice-on-the-implementation-of-higher-order-thinking-4648.pdf
- Akker, J. (1999). Priciples and Method of development Research in Design Approaches and Tool in Education and training. Dordteche: Klower Academic Publisher
- Aliping, J. B., & Parcasio, I. G. (2018). Training design facilitation on framework for adult education: an application of andragogy. Mountain Journal of Science and Interdisciplinary Research, 78(2), 95-113. http://portal.bsu.edu.ph:8083/index.php/BRJ/article/view/157/204
- Ardha, M. A. A. l, Yang, C., Adhe, K. R., Khory, F. D., Hartoto, S., & Putra, K. P. (2018). Multiple intelligences and physical education curriculum: application and reflection of every education level in Indonesia. 2nd International Conference On Education Innovation (Icei 2018), 587–592. https://doi.org/10.2991/Icei-18.2018.129
- Azid, N., Ali, R., Khuluqu, I. E., Purwanto, S. E., & Susanti, E. N. (2022). Higher order thinking skills, school-based assessment and students’ mathematics achievement: Understanding teachers’ thoughts. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 11(1), 290-302. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1341216.pdf
- Baety, N. (2021). Indonesian teacher performance: Professional and character. Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis, 1(3), 95-103. https://ojs.pseb.or.id/index.php/jmh/article/view/459/365
- Bakker, C., de Glopper, K., & de Vries, S. (2022). Noticing as reasoning in Lesson Study teams in initial teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 113, 103656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103656
- Cahyono, A. N., Zaenuri, & Subagia, M. (2019a). The design of blended learning modules for higher education. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1387(1), 012121. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1387/1/012121
- Cahyono, A. N., Zaenuri, & Subagia, M. (2019b). The design of blended learning modules for higher education. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1387(1), 12121. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1387/1/012121
- Cahyono, A. N., Marukan, Mulyono, Ludwig, M., Jablonski, S. & Oehler, D. K. (2023). Indonesia-Germany MathCityMap training: Shifting mobile math trails teacher training to a hybrid environment. Journal on Mathematics Education, 14(1), 55-68. http://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v14i1.pp55-68
- Corell-Almuzara, A., López-Belmonte, J., Marín-Marín, J. A., & Moreno-Guerrero, A. J. (2021). COVID-19 in the field of education. State of the art. Sustainability, 13(10), 5452. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105452
- Facione, P. A., (2015) Critical Thinking : What It Is and Why It Counts. Insight assessment.
- https://doi.org/ISBN13:978-1-891557-07-1
- Fitri, N. L., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2020). Designing learning trajectory of circle using the context of Ferris wheel. JRAMathEdu (Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education), 5(3), 247–261. https://doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v5i3.10961
- Handayani, N. F. (2021). Kontribusi perilaku kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap semangat mengajar guru. [The contribution of the principal's leadership behavior to the teacher's teaching enthusiasm]. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Flobamorata, 2(1), 162–168. https://doi.org/10.51494/Jpdf.V2 i1.420
- IMD. (2018). Digital Competitiveness Rangking. Lausanne, Switzerland: IMD World Competitiveness Center
- Kanawapee, C., Petsangsri. S, & Paitoon, P. (2022) The importance of sharing, caring and collaboration in thai teacher competency development through online professional learning communities. Journal of Positive Pscychology & Wellbeing, 6(1), 3674-3689. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360917714
- Laurens, T., Batlolona, F. A., Batlolona, J. R., & Leasa, M. (2018). How does realistic mathematics education (RME) improve students’ mathematics cognitive achievement? Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(2), 569–578. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/769
- Meryansumayeka., Zulkardi., Putri, R. I. I., Alwi, Z., & Hiltrimartin, C. (2021). Designing geometrical learning activities assisted with ICT media for supporting students’ higher order thinking skills. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(1), 135-148. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i1.pp135-148
- MOEC. (2019) Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar: 4 Pokok Kebijakan Pendidikan [Freedom of Learning Policy: 4 Principles of Education Policy]. Jakarta: MOEC.
- Nasution. (2000). Didaktik Azas-azas Mengajar [Didactic Principles of Teaching]. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
- Novita, R., Zulkardi, & Hartono, Y. (2012). Exploring primary student's problem-solving ability by doing tasks like PISA's question. Journal on Mathematics Education, 3(2), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.3.2.571.133-150
- Nusantara, D. S., Zulkardi., & Putri, R. I. I. (2021). Designing PISA-like mathematics task using a COVID-19 context (PISACOMAT). Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(2), 349-364. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.12.2.13181.349-364
- OECD. (2018). PISA 2022 Mathematics Framework Draft. Paris. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://pisa2022-maths.oecd.org/files/PISA%202022%20Mathematics%20Framework%20Draft.pdf.
- OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework. Paris. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2018-assessment-and-analytical-framework_b25efab8-en.
- OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 Results Combined Executive Summaries Volume I, II & III. Paris. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/pisa/Combined_Executive_Summaries_PISA_2018.pdf
- Petrie, K., & McGee, C. (2012). Teacher Professional Development: Who is the learner?. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(2), 59-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2012v37n2.7
- Prahmana, R. C. I., & Suwasti, P. (2014). Local instruction theory on division in Mathematics GASING: The case of rural area’s student in Indonesia. Journal on Mathematics Education, 5(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.5.1.1445.17-26.
- Putri, R. I. I., Dolk, M., & Zulkardi. (2015). Professional development of PMRI teachers for introducing social norms. Journal on Mathematics Education, 6(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/ 10.22342/jme.6.1.1900.11-19
- Putri, R. I. I. & Zulkardi. (2018). Higher-order thinking skill problem on data representation in primary school: A case study. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 948(1), 012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/948/1/012056
- Putri, R. I. I., & Zulkardi. (2019). Designing jumping task on percent using PMRI and collaborative learning. International Journal on Emerging Mathematics Education, 3(1), 105-116. https://dx.doi.org/10.12928/ijeme.v3i1.12208
- Putri, R. I. I. & Zulkardi. (2020). Designing PISA-like mathematics task using Asian Games context. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(1). 135-144. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.1.9786.135-144
- Nusantara, D. S., Zulkardi., & Putri, R. I. I. (2021). Designing PISA-like mathematics task using a COVID-19 context (PISACOMAT). Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(2), 349-364. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.12.2.13181.349-364
- Richards, J. C., & Renandya, W. (2002). Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice. Cambridge University Press.
- Tanudjaya, C. P., & Doorman, M. (2020). Examining higher order thinking in Indonesian lower secondary mathematics classrooms. In Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(2), 277-300. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.2.11000.277-300
- Tezcan, F. (2022). Andragogy or pedagogy: views of young adults on the learning environment. International Education Studies, 15(1), 1913-9039. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1331126.pdf
- Van Galen, F., & Van Eerde, D. (2018). Mathematical Investigations for Primary School. Utrecht: Freudenthal Institute. Retrieved from http://www.fisme.science.uu.nl/en/impome/
- Widayati, A., MacCallum, J., & Woods-McConney, A. (2021). Teachers’ Perceptions of Continuing Professional Development: a Study of Vocational High School Teachers in Indonesia. Teacher Development, 25(5), 604-621. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2021.1933159
- Zulkardi. (2002). Developing a learning environment on realistic mathematics education for Indonesian student teachers. Published Dissertation. Enschede: University of Twente.
- Zulkardi & Putri, R. I. I. (2006). Design your own contextual math problem [in Bahasa]. Prosiding KNM13. Semarang. Retrived from http://eprints.unsri.ac.id/610/.
- Zulkardi & Putri, R. I. I. (2019). New School Mathematics Curricula, PISA and PMRI in Indonesia. In Lam T.T. et.al (Eds) School Mathematics Curricula: Asian Perspectives and Glimpses of Reform. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6312-2_3
- Zulkardi., Meryansumayeka, Putri, R. I. I., Alwi, Z., Nusantara, D. S., Ambarita, S. M., Maharani, Y., & Puspitasari, L. (2020). How students work with PISA-like mathematical tasks using COVID-19 context. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(3), 405-416. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.3.12915.405-416
References
Abdullah, A. H., Mokhtar, M., Halim, N. D. A., Ali, D. F., Tahir, L. M., & Kohar, U. H. A. (2016). Mathematics teachers’ level of knowledge and practice on the implementation of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(1), 3-17. https://www.ejmste.com/download/mathematics-teachers-level-of-knowledge-and-practice-on-the-implementation-of-higher-order-thinking-4648.pdf
Akker, J. (1999). Priciples and Method of development Research in Design Approaches and Tool in Education and training. Dordteche: Klower Academic Publisher
Aliping, J. B., & Parcasio, I. G. (2018). Training design facilitation on framework for adult education: an application of andragogy. Mountain Journal of Science and Interdisciplinary Research, 78(2), 95-113. http://portal.bsu.edu.ph:8083/index.php/BRJ/article/view/157/204
Ardha, M. A. A. l, Yang, C., Adhe, K. R., Khory, F. D., Hartoto, S., & Putra, K. P. (2018). Multiple intelligences and physical education curriculum: application and reflection of every education level in Indonesia. 2nd International Conference On Education Innovation (Icei 2018), 587–592. https://doi.org/10.2991/Icei-18.2018.129
Azid, N., Ali, R., Khuluqu, I. E., Purwanto, S. E., & Susanti, E. N. (2022). Higher order thinking skills, school-based assessment and students’ mathematics achievement: Understanding teachers’ thoughts. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 11(1), 290-302. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1341216.pdf
Baety, N. (2021). Indonesian teacher performance: Professional and character. Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis, 1(3), 95-103. https://ojs.pseb.or.id/index.php/jmh/article/view/459/365
Bakker, C., de Glopper, K., & de Vries, S. (2022). Noticing as reasoning in Lesson Study teams in initial teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 113, 103656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103656
Cahyono, A. N., Zaenuri, & Subagia, M. (2019a). The design of blended learning modules for higher education. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1387(1), 012121. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1387/1/012121
Cahyono, A. N., Zaenuri, & Subagia, M. (2019b). The design of blended learning modules for higher education. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1387(1), 12121. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1387/1/012121
Cahyono, A. N., Marukan, Mulyono, Ludwig, M., Jablonski, S. & Oehler, D. K. (2023). Indonesia-Germany MathCityMap training: Shifting mobile math trails teacher training to a hybrid environment. Journal on Mathematics Education, 14(1), 55-68. http://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v14i1.pp55-68
Corell-Almuzara, A., López-Belmonte, J., Marín-Marín, J. A., & Moreno-Guerrero, A. J. (2021). COVID-19 in the field of education. State of the art. Sustainability, 13(10), 5452. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105452
Facione, P. A., (2015) Critical Thinking : What It Is and Why It Counts. Insight assessment.
https://doi.org/ISBN13:978-1-891557-07-1
Fitri, N. L., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2020). Designing learning trajectory of circle using the context of Ferris wheel. JRAMathEdu (Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education), 5(3), 247–261. https://doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v5i3.10961
Handayani, N. F. (2021). Kontribusi perilaku kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap semangat mengajar guru. [The contribution of the principal's leadership behavior to the teacher's teaching enthusiasm]. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Flobamorata, 2(1), 162–168. https://doi.org/10.51494/Jpdf.V2 i1.420
IMD. (2018). Digital Competitiveness Rangking. Lausanne, Switzerland: IMD World Competitiveness Center
Kanawapee, C., Petsangsri. S, & Paitoon, P. (2022) The importance of sharing, caring and collaboration in thai teacher competency development through online professional learning communities. Journal of Positive Pscychology & Wellbeing, 6(1), 3674-3689. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360917714
Laurens, T., Batlolona, F. A., Batlolona, J. R., & Leasa, M. (2018). How does realistic mathematics education (RME) improve students’ mathematics cognitive achievement? Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(2), 569–578. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/769
Meryansumayeka., Zulkardi., Putri, R. I. I., Alwi, Z., & Hiltrimartin, C. (2021). Designing geometrical learning activities assisted with ICT media for supporting students’ higher order thinking skills. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(1), 135-148. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i1.pp135-148
MOEC. (2019) Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar: 4 Pokok Kebijakan Pendidikan [Freedom of Learning Policy: 4 Principles of Education Policy]. Jakarta: MOEC.
Nasution. (2000). Didaktik Azas-azas Mengajar [Didactic Principles of Teaching]. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Novita, R., Zulkardi, & Hartono, Y. (2012). Exploring primary student's problem-solving ability by doing tasks like PISA's question. Journal on Mathematics Education, 3(2), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.3.2.571.133-150
Nusantara, D. S., Zulkardi., & Putri, R. I. I. (2021). Designing PISA-like mathematics task using a COVID-19 context (PISACOMAT). Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(2), 349-364. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.12.2.13181.349-364
OECD. (2018). PISA 2022 Mathematics Framework Draft. Paris. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://pisa2022-maths.oecd.org/files/PISA%202022%20Mathematics%20Framework%20Draft.pdf.
OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework. Paris. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2018-assessment-and-analytical-framework_b25efab8-en.
OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 Results Combined Executive Summaries Volume I, II & III. Paris. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/pisa/Combined_Executive_Summaries_PISA_2018.pdf
Petrie, K., & McGee, C. (2012). Teacher Professional Development: Who is the learner?. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(2), 59-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2012v37n2.7
Prahmana, R. C. I., & Suwasti, P. (2014). Local instruction theory on division in Mathematics GASING: The case of rural area’s student in Indonesia. Journal on Mathematics Education, 5(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.5.1.1445.17-26.
Putri, R. I. I., Dolk, M., & Zulkardi. (2015). Professional development of PMRI teachers for introducing social norms. Journal on Mathematics Education, 6(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/ 10.22342/jme.6.1.1900.11-19
Putri, R. I. I. & Zulkardi. (2018). Higher-order thinking skill problem on data representation in primary school: A case study. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 948(1), 012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/948/1/012056
Putri, R. I. I., & Zulkardi. (2019). Designing jumping task on percent using PMRI and collaborative learning. International Journal on Emerging Mathematics Education, 3(1), 105-116. https://dx.doi.org/10.12928/ijeme.v3i1.12208
Putri, R. I. I. & Zulkardi. (2020). Designing PISA-like mathematics task using Asian Games context. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(1). 135-144. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.1.9786.135-144
Nusantara, D. S., Zulkardi., & Putri, R. I. I. (2021). Designing PISA-like mathematics task using a COVID-19 context (PISACOMAT). Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(2), 349-364. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.12.2.13181.349-364
Richards, J. C., & Renandya, W. (2002). Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice. Cambridge University Press.
Tanudjaya, C. P., & Doorman, M. (2020). Examining higher order thinking in Indonesian lower secondary mathematics classrooms. In Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(2), 277-300. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.2.11000.277-300
Tezcan, F. (2022). Andragogy or pedagogy: views of young adults on the learning environment. International Education Studies, 15(1), 1913-9039. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1331126.pdf
Van Galen, F., & Van Eerde, D. (2018). Mathematical Investigations for Primary School. Utrecht: Freudenthal Institute. Retrieved from http://www.fisme.science.uu.nl/en/impome/
Widayati, A., MacCallum, J., & Woods-McConney, A. (2021). Teachers’ Perceptions of Continuing Professional Development: a Study of Vocational High School Teachers in Indonesia. Teacher Development, 25(5), 604-621. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2021.1933159
Zulkardi. (2002). Developing a learning environment on realistic mathematics education for Indonesian student teachers. Published Dissertation. Enschede: University of Twente.
Zulkardi & Putri, R. I. I. (2006). Design your own contextual math problem [in Bahasa]. Prosiding KNM13. Semarang. Retrived from http://eprints.unsri.ac.id/610/.
Zulkardi & Putri, R. I. I. (2019). New School Mathematics Curricula, PISA and PMRI in Indonesia. In Lam T.T. et.al (Eds) School Mathematics Curricula: Asian Perspectives and Glimpses of Reform. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6312-2_3
Zulkardi., Meryansumayeka, Putri, R. I. I., Alwi, Z., Nusantara, D. S., Ambarita, S. M., Maharani, Y., & Puspitasari, L. (2020). How students work with PISA-like mathematical tasks using COVID-19 context. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(3), 405-416. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.3.12915.405-416