Main Article Content

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to describe the development of a STEM-based learning environment for early childhood teacher candidates that is valid, practical, and has potential effects. The research sample consisted of 25 pre-service early childhood teachers and 19 students Kindergarten. The research method used was design research with the type of development study. This research has produced a learning environment with the Campus-Application-School (CAS) model consisting of the stages of training, designing, mentoring, and testing. The validity of the STEM-based learning environment model was seen from the developed student worksheet (LKPD) instrument and the content in the learning environment, obtaining a value of 0.88, which was categorized as high validity. The practicality, as seen from the results of one-to-one teaching, small group, and field tests with an average of 94.2, was categorized as very good. Meanwhile, the potential effect was based on Kirkpatrick's four levels of training evaluation with an average of 83.73, which was categorized as very good. This research suggests that the CAS learning environment model can affect teacher approaches to teaching in a step appropriate way based on STEM to prepare student teachers to teach basic mathematics.

Keywords

Early Mathematics Kirkpatrick Learning Environment Realistic Mathematics Education STEM

Article Details

How to Cite
Efriani, A., Zulkardi, Putri, R. I. I., & Aisyah, N. (2023). Developing a learning environment based on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics for pre-service teachers of early childhood teacher education. Journal on Mathematics Education, 14(4), 647–662. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v14i4.pp647-662

References

  1. Abramovich, S., Grinshpan, A. Z., & Milligan, D. L. (2019). Teaching Mathematics through Concept Motivation and Action Learning. Hindawi Education Research International, 2019, 3745406. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3745406
  2. Acharya, B. R., Kshetree, M. P., Khanal, B., Panthi, R. K., & Belbase, S. (2021). Mathematics educators’ perspectives on cultural relevance of basic level mathematics in Nepal. Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(1), 17–48. https://doi.org/10.22342/JME.12.1.12955.17-48
  3. Al-Mutawah, M., Mahmoud, E., Thomas, R., Preji, N., & Alghazo, Y. (2022). Math and Science Integrated Curriculum: Pedagogical Knowledge-Based Education Framework. Hindawi Education Research International, 2022, 2984464. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2984464
  4. Ayish. (2019). Student Perceptions of Responsibility for Their Own Learning and for Supporting Peers’ Learning in a Project-based Learning Environment. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 31(2), 224–237. http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/
  5. Bakker, A. (2018). What is design research in education? In Design Research in Education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203701010
  6. Bakker, A., & Wagner, D. (2020). Pandemic: lesson for today and tomorrow? Educational Studies in Mathematics, 104, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-020-09946-3
  7. Balat, G. U., & Günşen, G. (2017). STEM Approach in the Preschool Period. Journal of Academic Social Research, 5(42), 337–348.
  8. Baroody, A. J., Clements, D., & Sarama, J. (2019). Teaching and Learning Mathematics in Early Childhood Programs (Handbook of early childhood care and education Section III of Curriculum in Early Childhood Care and Education. Wiley Blackwell Publishing. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331148046_Teaching_and_Learning_Mathematics_in_Early_Childhood_Programs
  9. Beteille, T., & Evans, D. K. (2019). Successful Teachers, Successful Students: Recruiting and Supporting Society’S Most Crucial Profession. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/235831548858735497/successful-teachers-successful-students-recruiting-and-supporting-society-s-most-crucial-profession
  10. Bhakti, C. P., & Maryani, I. (2016). Strategi LPTK dalam Pengembangan Kompetensi Pedagogik Calon Guru. Jurnal Pendidikan, 1(2), 98–106. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314463845
  11. Brunsek, A., Perlman, M., McMullen, E., Falennchuk, O., Fletcher, B., Nocita, G., Kamkar, N., & Shah, P. S. (2020). A meta-analysis and systematic review of the associations between professional development of early childhood educators and children’s outcomes. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 53, 217–248. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.03.003
  12. Capraro, R. M., Capraro, M. M., & Morgan, J. R. (2013). STEM project-based learning. Sense Publishers. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/STEM-project-based-learning%3A-An-integrated-science%2C-Capraro-Capraro/6ec9d40850d663e66aacd64890b87a50675c15a1
  13. Chai, C. S. (2018). Teacher Professional Development for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education: A Review from the Perspectives of Technological Pedagogical Content (TPACK. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-018-0400-7
  14. Chang, B. (2019). Reflection in learning. Online Learning Journal, 23(1), 95–110. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v23i1.1447
  15. Chetty, R., Friedman, J. N., & Rockoff, J. E. (2014). Measuring the Impacts of Teachers II: Teacher Value-Added and Student Outcomes in Adulthood. Am. Econ. Rev, 104, 2633. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.9.2633
  16. Clapper, T. C. (2017). Creating the safe learning environment. PAILAL, 3(2), 1–6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257835881_Creating_the_safe_learning_environment
  17. Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2016). Math, science, and technology in the early grades. Future of Children, 26(2), 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2016.0013
  18. Closs, L., Mahat, M., & Imms, W. (2022). Learning environments ’ influence on students ’ learning experience in an Australian Faculty of Business and Economics. Learning Environments Research, 25(1), 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-021-09361-2
  19. Coenders, F., & Verhoef, N. (2019). Lesson Study: Professional Development (PD) for Beginning and Experienced Teachers. Professional Development in Education, 45(2), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2018.1430050.
  20. Colbert, J. (2014). Classroom Design and How It Influences Behavior. Early Childhood News. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234575793_Classroom_Design_and_How_It_Influences_Behavior
  21. Colwell, J., & Enderson, M. C. (2016). When I Hear Literacy: Using Pre-Service Teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 53, 63–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.11.001
  22. Council, I. of M. and N. R. (2015). Child Development and Early Learning: A Foundation for Professional Knowledge and Competencies. In The National Academies of SCIENCES, ENGINEERING, MEDICINE. https://www.nap.edu/resource/19401/ProfKnowCompFINAL.pdf
  23. Crowe, A. R. (2010). ‘What’s Math Got to Do With It?’: Numeracy and Social Studies Education. The Social Studies, 101(3), 105–110,. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377990903493846.
  24. Darling-Hammod, L., & Jossey-Bass. (2006). Powerful teacher education : Lessonsfrom exemplary programs. https://www.wiley.com/en-ie/Powerful+Teacher+Education%3A+Lessons+from+Exemplary+Programs-p-9780787972738
  25. Dreher, A., Kuntze, S., & Lerman, S. (2015). Why Use Multiple Representations in the Mathematics Classroom ? Views of English and German Preservice Teachers. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, March. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-015-9633-6
  26. Dunphy, E., Shiel, T. D., & Shiel, G. (2014). Mathematics in Early Childhood and Primary Education (3–8 years) (Issue 17). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327177097
  27. Durmus, Y. T. (2016). Effective learning environment characteristics as a requirement of constructivist curricula : Teachers’ need and school principals’ views. International Journal of Instruction, 9(2), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2016.9213a
  28. Efriani, A., Ilma Indra Putri, R., & Aisyah, N. (2020). The Role of Teachers in Facing the Challenges of Beginning Mathematics. Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.29313/ga:jpaud.v4i1.5983
  29. Ekawati, R., & Kohar, A. W. (2016). Innovative professional development within RME. Indonesia International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education, 24(1). https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/CAL/article/view/9102
  30. Engel, M., Claessens, A., Watts, T., & Farkas, G. (2018). Mathematics Content Coverage and Student Learning in Kindergarten. Educ Res, 45(5), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X16656841.
  31. Evans, D. K., Glennerster, R., & Rogers, F. H. (2020). How to Improve Education Outcomes Most Efficiently ? A Comparison of 150 Interventions Using the New Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling Metric. Center for Global Development, October. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/801901603314530125
  32. Fachrudin, A. D., Widadah, S., & Kusumawati, I. B. (2019). Pre-service mathematics teachers’ knowledge, beliefs, and attitude toward using PISA-based problem in mathematics education. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1200(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1200/1/012013
  33. Fauziah, A., Putri, R. I. I., Zulkardi, & Somakim. (2020). Developing PMRI learning environment through lesson study for pre-service primary school teacher. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(2), 193–208. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.2.10914.193-208
  34. Fauziddin, M., & Mufarizuddin, M. (2018). Useful of Clap Hand Games for Optimalize Cogtivite Aspects in Early Childhood Education. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2(2), 162. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v2i2.76
  35. Gardner, K., DM, G., & Worthy, R. (2019). Impacts of STEM Professional Development on Teachers’ Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Practice. Front. Educ, 4(26). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00026
  36. Gasteiger, H., & Benz, C. (2018). Enhancing and analyzing kindergarten teachers’ professional knowledge for early mathematics education. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 33, 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2018.01.002
  37. Guerriero, S. (2013). Teachers’ Pedagogical Knowledge and the Teaching Profession. https://www.oecd.org/education/ceri/Background_document_to_Symposium_ITEL-FINAL.pdf
  38. Gulkilik, H., Moyer-Packenham, P. S., Ugurlu, H. H. Y., & N. (2020). Characterizing The Growth of One Student’s Mathematical Understanding in A Multi-epresentational Learning Environment. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2020.100756
  39. Hoogland, K. (2019). Images of Numeracy Investigating the effects of visual representations (Issue March). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22839.57767
  40. Huang, B., Jong, M. S., Tu, Y., Hwang, G., Chai, C. S., Jiang, M., & Y. (2022). Trends and exemplary practices of STEM teacher professional development programs in K-12 contexts: A systematic review of empirical studies. Computers & Education, 189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104577
  41. Hurley, M., Butler, D., & McLoughlin, E. (2023). STEM Teacher Professional Learning Through Immersive STEM Learning Placements in Industry: a Systematic Literature Review. Journal for STEM Education Research. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s41979-023-00089-7
  42. Jang, H. (2015). Identifying 21st century STEM competencies using workplace data. J. Sci. Educ. Technol, 25, 284–301. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-015-9593-1
  43. June, V., Molloy, C., Perini, N., & Goldfeld, S. (2019). Communication Summary: Early childhood education and care : An evidence based review of indicators to assess quality , quantity , and participation (Issue June). https://www.rch.org.au/uploadedFiles/Main/Content/ccchdev/Restacking-the-Odds_ECEC_communication-summary.pdf
  44. Keiler, L. S. (2018). Teachers’ roles and identities in student-centered classrooms. International Journal of STEM Education, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-018-0131-6
  45. Kembuan, O., Suwaryaningrat, N. D. E., & Liow, M. C. N. (2019). Perancangan dan Implementasi Aplikasi Permainan Edukatif Bagi Siswa PAUD. Cakrawala Dini: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 10(2), 151–155. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/cakrawaladini/article/view/18705/10629
  46. Khotimah, R. P. (2017). Pakom Pelatihan Dan Pendampingan Penyusunan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Lesson Study. Warta LPM, 20(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.23917/warta.v19i3.285
  47. Kirkpatrick, D. L., & Kirkpatrick, J. D. (2013). Kirkpatrick four level: Audio recording study. Kirkpatrick Partners. https://www.academia.edu/16928837/Kirkpatrick_four_level
  48. Kristiawan, M., & Rahmat, N. (2018). Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru melalui Inovasi Pembelajaran. Jurnal Iqra’ : Kajian Tema Pendidikan, 3. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v3i2.348
  49. Kurniah, N., Andreswari, D., & Kusumah, R. G. T. (2019). Achievement of Development on Early Childhood Based on National Education Standard. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 295(ICETeP 2018), 351–354. https://doi.org/10.2991/icetep-18.2019.82
  50. Lantu, D. C., Labdhagati, H., Razanaufal, M. W., & Sumarli, F. D. (2021). Was the training effective? Evaluation of managers’ behavior after a leader development program in Indonesia’s best corporate university. International Journal of Training Research, 19(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/14480220.2020.1864446
  51. Lee, I. (2015). Student teachers’ changing beliefs on a pre-service teacher education course in Hongkong. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137316257_2
  52. Li, J., & Xue, E. (2023). Dynamic Interaction between Student Learning Behaviour and Learning Environment: Meta-Analysis of Student Engagement and Its Influencing Factors. Behavioral Sciences, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13010059
  53. MoEC. (2014). National Standards for Early Childhood Education No. 137 of 2014 [in Bahasa]. Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1–76. https://portaldik.id/assets/upload/peraturan/PERMEN KEMENDIKBUD Nomor 137 Tahun 2014 STANDAR NASIONAL PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI.pdf
  54. Mulbar, U., Minggi, I., & Zaki, A. (2020). Meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru dengan pelatihan pembelajaran matematika realistik [Improving the professional competence of teachers with realistic mathematics learning training. Dedikasi, 22(1), 85–89. https://doi.org/10.26858/dedikasi.v22i1.13828
  55. O.E.C.D. (2020). What is PISA?" in PISA 2018 Result (Volume VII): Are Students Ready to Thrive in an Interconnected World? OECD Publishing, 46. https://doi.org/10.1787/272291f2-en
  56. Oppermann, E., Anders, Y., & Hachfeld, A. (2016). The Influence of Preschool Teachers’ Content Knowledge and Mathematical Ability Beliefs on Their Sensitivity to Mathematics in Children‟s Play. Teaching and Teacher Education, 58, 174– 184. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.05.004
  57. Osborne, M. (2013). Modern Learning Environments. Core Education White Paper, 1–6. http://core-ed.org/legacy/sites/core-ed.org/files/Modern-Learning-
  58. Pateda, S. A., Badu, R. W., Isa, A. H., & Rahmat, A. (2020). Evaluation of the Kirkpatrick model program on towards class at the Gorontalo District. JournalNX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal, 6(7), 40–47. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/336522/
  59. Piasta, S. B., Pelatti, C. Y., & Miller, H. L. (2014). Mathematics and Science Learning Opportunities in Preschool Classrooms. Early Education and Development, 25(4), 445–468. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2013.817753
  60. Plomp, T. (2013). Educational Design Research: An Introduction. In T. Plomp & N. Nieveen (Eds.), Educational Design Research Part A: An Introduction. https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/14472302/
  61. Putri, R. I. I. (2011). Profesional Development of Mathematics Primary School Teachers in Indonesia Using Lesson Study and Realistic Mathematics Education Approach. Proceeding of International Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement (ICSEI). Limasol. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.61.11
  62. Risdiyanti, I., Prahmana, R. C. I., & Shahrill, M. (2019). The learning trajectory of social arithmetic using an Indonesian traditional game. Elementary Education Online, 18(4), 2094–2108. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2019.639439.
  63. Rusiyanti, R. H., Zulkardi, Putri, R. I. I., & Somakim. (2022). Developing RME-based lesson study for learning community in the learning environment of high school mathematics teachers. Journal on Mathematics Education, 13(3), 499–514. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v13i3.pp499-514
  64. Rusticus, S. A., Pashootan, T., & Mah, A. (2023). What are the key elements of a positive learning environment ? Perspectives from students and faculty. Learning Environments Research, 26(1), 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-022-09410-4
  65. Sangadji, K. (2018). Smart Learning Environment And Its Impact On Student Learning Performance. International Journal Of Education, Information Trechnology, and Others, 1(2), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2262455
  66. Simangunsong, J., & Purnomo, L. (2021). An evaluation of the Petty Officer Training program of the Republic of Indonesia police using the Kirkpatrick model. Research and Evaluation in Education, 7(2), 88–105. https://doi.org/10.21831/reid.v7i2.36937
  67. Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta. https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS7262.ai:slims-1175?widget=1&institution_id=2975
  68. Sutarna, N. (2016). A Good Learning Environment For Elementary School Students. The First International Conference on Child, 270–274. http://hdl.handle.net/11617/7225
  69. Taguma, M., Litjens, I., & Makowiecki, K. (2012). Quality Matters in Early Childhood Education and Care. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/education/school/50165861.pdf
  70. Tessmer, M. (1993). Planning and Conducting Formative Evaluations: Improving the Quality of Education and Training. Kogan Page. https://www.worldcat.org/title/planning-and-conducting-formative-evaluations-improving-the-quality-of-education-and-training/oclc/840284535
  71. Tong, D. H., Uyen, B. P., & Ngan, L. K. (2022). The effectiveness of blended learning on students’ academic achievement, self-study skills and learning attitudes: A quasi-experiment study in teaching the conventions for coordinates in the plane. Heliyon, 8(12), e12657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12657
  72. Viennet, R., & Pont, B. (2017). Education Policy Implementation: A Literature Review and Proposed Framework. OECD Education Working Papers, 162(December), 63. www.oecd.org/edu/workingpapers
  73. Wahyudi. (2016). The development of realistic mathematics education (RME) model for the improvement of mathematics learning of primary teacher education program students of teacher training and education faculty of sebelas maret university in Kebumen. Proceeding The 2nd International Conference On Teacher Training and Education Sebelas Maret University, 2(1), 369–381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/ictte-17.2017.83
  74. Yaqoot, E. S. I., & Mat, N. (2021). Determination of Training Material and Organisational Culture Impact in Vocational Training Effectiveness in Bahrain. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 13(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2021.13.04.001
  75. Yoshikawa, H., & Kabay, S. (2015). The Evidence Base on Early Childhood Care and Education in Global Contexts. In Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2015. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000232456
  76. Yusuf, A., & Pattisahusiwa, E. (2020). Teacher’S Strategies To Create a Conducive Learning Environment in the Ron Clark Story Movie. Prosodi, 14(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.21107/prosodi.v14i2.8760
  77. Zulkardi. (2002). Developing a learning environment on realistic mathematics [University of Twente]. https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/developing-a-learning-environment-on-realistic-mathematics-educat
  78. Zulkardi, Z., Putri, R. I. I., & Wijaya, A. (2020). Two Decades of Realistic Mathematics. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20223-1

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>