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Abstract
Inspired by the wisdom of Ali bin Abi Talib—that written legacies outlive their authors—this paper presents a scientific narrative exploring the contributions of Professor Jan de Lange (JDL) to the global and Indonesian mathematics education landscape. Renowned for his work in Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), JDL played a pivotal role in the transformation of Indonesia’s mathematics education reform in the late 1990s. His engagement began in 1998 when, alongside Prof. Tjeerd Plomp, he responded to an invitation from Prof. R.K. Sembiring and Drs. Pontas Hutagalung to introduce RME as an alternative to the outdated modern mathematics approach. This effort led to the birth of Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI). The reform initiative included the selection and training of Indonesian doctoral candidates through a collaborative workshop held at Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), resulting in advanced studies in the Netherlands. Among these scholars was Prof. Zulkardi and Prof. Sutarto Hadi, who became a central figure in promoting RME and PMRI in Indonesia. JDL’s involvement continued through mentorship, keynote lectures, and academic collaborations, significantly influencing mathematics education policy and practice. His thought-provoking publications reflect his enduring commitment to curiosity-driven, student-centered learning. The paper also acknowledges the contributions of Prof. Kees Hoogland, JDL’s close colleague and fellow RME advocate. Together, their work exemplifies a vision of mathematics as meaningful, contextual, and empowering. Their legacy lives on through generations of educators and learners shaped by their transformative ideas.
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References
- Boels, L., Boels, A., Alberto, R., & Hoogland, K. (2025). Citizens’ data-ing with contemporary data in their daily life. ZDM, 57(1), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01665-4
- de Lange, J. (1987). Mathematics, insight and meaning. Utrecht University.
- de Lange, J. (1995). Assessment: No change without problems. In T. A. Romberg (Ed.), Reform in School Mathematics and Authentic Assessment (pp. 87-172). State University of New York Press. https://www.fisme.science.uu.nl/publicaties/literatuur/1131.pdf
- de Lange, J. (1996). Using and applying mathematics in education. In A. J. Bishop, K. Clements, C. Keitel, J. Kilpatrick, & C. Laborde (eds), International Handbook of Mathematics Education (pp. 49-97). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1465-0_3
- de Lange, J. (2003). Mathematics for literacy. Quantitative literacy: Why numeracy matters for schools and colleges, 80, 75-89. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jan-De-Lange/publication/46627231_Mathematics_for_literacy/links/54d8aeb00cf24647581b13a6/Mathematics-for-literacy.pdf
- de Lange, J. (2017). Curious minds; Serious play. In Proceedings of the 13th International Congress on Mathematical Education: ICME-13 (pp. 713-715). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62597-3_119
- de Lange, J. (2021). There is, probably, no need for a design framework. Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(2), 365–388. https://jme.ejournal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jme/article/view/3728
- Díez-Palomar, J., Ramis-Salas, M., Močnik, I., Simonič, M., & Hoogland, K. (2023). Challenges for numeracy awareness in the 21st century: Making visible the invisible. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1295781. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1295781
- Gravemeijer, K., Stephan, M., Julie, C., Lin, F. L., & Ohtani, M. (2017). What mathematics education may prepare students for the society of the future?. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 15(Suppl 1), 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-017-9814-6
- Grimalt-Alvaro, C., & Ametller, J. (2021). A cultural-historical activity theory approach for the design of a qualitative methodology in science educational research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 16094069211060664. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211060664
- Hadi, S. (2002). Effective teacher professional development for the implementation of realistic mathematics education in Indonesia. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Twente. https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/6119480/thesis_Hadi.pdf
- Hoogland, K. (2016). Images of numeracy: investigating the effects of visual representations of problem situations in contextual mathematical problem solving. Ph.D Thesis. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/42888388/20161108_CO_Hoogland.pdf
- Hoogland, K. (2023). The changing nature of basic skills in numeracy. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1293754. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1293754
- Hoogland, K., & Tout, D. (2018). Computer-based assessment of mathematics into the twenty-first century: Pressures and tensions. ZDM, 50(4), 675-686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-018-0944-2
- Hoogland, K., & van Groenestijn, M. (2021). Common European Numeracy Framework – Aspects and Levels. Utrecht University of Applied Sciences. https://husite.nl/cenf/wp-content/uploads/sites/349/2024/01/2021-11-30-CENF-Aspects-and-Levels.pdf
- Hoogland, K., Heinsman, K., & Drijvers, P. (2019). Numeracy and mathematics education in vocational education: A literature review, preliminary results. In Eleventh Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (No. 7). Freudenthal Group; Freudenthal Institute; ERME. https://hal.science/hal-02409286/document
- Kelly, G. J. (2023). Qualitative research as culture and practice. In N. G. Lederman, D. L. Zeidler, J. S. Lederman (eds), Handbook of Research on Science Education (pp. 60-86). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367855758
- Revina, S. (2017). Influence of culture on the adaptation of realistic mathematics education in Indonesia. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Hong Kong. https://www.fisme.science.uu.nl/en/impome/PhD/PhDthesis_ShintiaRevina.pdf
- Sembiring, R. K., Hoogland, K., & Dolk, M. (2010). A decade of PMRI in Indonesia. APS International.
- Zulkardi, & Putri, R. I. I. (2019). New school mathematics curricula, PISA and PMRI in Indonesia. In C. Vistro-Yu, T. Toh (eds), School Mathematics Curricula. Mathematics Education – An Asian Perspective (pp. 39-49). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6312-2_3
- Zulkardi, Putri, R. I. I., Wijaya, A. (2020). Two decades of realistic mathematics education in Indonesia. In M. van den Heuvel-Panhuizen (eds), International Reflections on the Netherlands Didactics of Mathematics. ICME-13 Monographs. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20223-1_18
- Zulkardi. (2002). Developing a learning environment on realistic mathematics education for Indonesian student teachers. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Twente. https://repository.unsri.ac.id/871/1/thesis_Zulkardi.pdf
References
Boels, L., Boels, A., Alberto, R., & Hoogland, K. (2025). Citizens’ data-ing with contemporary data in their daily life. ZDM, 57(1), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01665-4
de Lange, J. (1987). Mathematics, insight and meaning. Utrecht University.
de Lange, J. (1995). Assessment: No change without problems. In T. A. Romberg (Ed.), Reform in School Mathematics and Authentic Assessment (pp. 87-172). State University of New York Press. https://www.fisme.science.uu.nl/publicaties/literatuur/1131.pdf
de Lange, J. (1996). Using and applying mathematics in education. In A. J. Bishop, K. Clements, C. Keitel, J. Kilpatrick, & C. Laborde (eds), International Handbook of Mathematics Education (pp. 49-97). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1465-0_3
de Lange, J. (2003). Mathematics for literacy. Quantitative literacy: Why numeracy matters for schools and colleges, 80, 75-89. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jan-De-Lange/publication/46627231_Mathematics_for_literacy/links/54d8aeb00cf24647581b13a6/Mathematics-for-literacy.pdf
de Lange, J. (2017). Curious minds; Serious play. In Proceedings of the 13th International Congress on Mathematical Education: ICME-13 (pp. 713-715). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62597-3_119
de Lange, J. (2021). There is, probably, no need for a design framework. Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(2), 365–388. https://jme.ejournal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jme/article/view/3728
Díez-Palomar, J., Ramis-Salas, M., Močnik, I., Simonič, M., & Hoogland, K. (2023). Challenges for numeracy awareness in the 21st century: Making visible the invisible. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1295781. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1295781
Gravemeijer, K., Stephan, M., Julie, C., Lin, F. L., & Ohtani, M. (2017). What mathematics education may prepare students for the society of the future?. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 15(Suppl 1), 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-017-9814-6
Grimalt-Alvaro, C., & Ametller, J. (2021). A cultural-historical activity theory approach for the design of a qualitative methodology in science educational research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 16094069211060664. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211060664
Hadi, S. (2002). Effective teacher professional development for the implementation of realistic mathematics education in Indonesia. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Twente. https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/6119480/thesis_Hadi.pdf
Hoogland, K. (2016). Images of numeracy: investigating the effects of visual representations of problem situations in contextual mathematical problem solving. Ph.D Thesis. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/42888388/20161108_CO_Hoogland.pdf
Hoogland, K. (2023). The changing nature of basic skills in numeracy. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1293754. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1293754
Hoogland, K., & Tout, D. (2018). Computer-based assessment of mathematics into the twenty-first century: Pressures and tensions. ZDM, 50(4), 675-686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-018-0944-2
Hoogland, K., & van Groenestijn, M. (2021). Common European Numeracy Framework – Aspects and Levels. Utrecht University of Applied Sciences. https://husite.nl/cenf/wp-content/uploads/sites/349/2024/01/2021-11-30-CENF-Aspects-and-Levels.pdf
Hoogland, K., Heinsman, K., & Drijvers, P. (2019). Numeracy and mathematics education in vocational education: A literature review, preliminary results. In Eleventh Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (No. 7). Freudenthal Group; Freudenthal Institute; ERME. https://hal.science/hal-02409286/document
Kelly, G. J. (2023). Qualitative research as culture and practice. In N. G. Lederman, D. L. Zeidler, J. S. Lederman (eds), Handbook of Research on Science Education (pp. 60-86). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367855758
Revina, S. (2017). Influence of culture on the adaptation of realistic mathematics education in Indonesia. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Hong Kong. https://www.fisme.science.uu.nl/en/impome/PhD/PhDthesis_ShintiaRevina.pdf
Sembiring, R. K., Hoogland, K., & Dolk, M. (2010). A decade of PMRI in Indonesia. APS International.
Zulkardi, & Putri, R. I. I. (2019). New school mathematics curricula, PISA and PMRI in Indonesia. In C. Vistro-Yu, T. Toh (eds), School Mathematics Curricula. Mathematics Education – An Asian Perspective (pp. 39-49). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6312-2_3
Zulkardi, Putri, R. I. I., Wijaya, A. (2020). Two decades of realistic mathematics education in Indonesia. In M. van den Heuvel-Panhuizen (eds), International Reflections on the Netherlands Didactics of Mathematics. ICME-13 Monographs. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20223-1_18
Zulkardi. (2002). Developing a learning environment on realistic mathematics education for Indonesian student teachers. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Twente. https://repository.unsri.ac.id/871/1/thesis_Zulkardi.pdf